San
Felipe de Austin was founded in 1824 by Stephen F. Austin as the
unofficial capital of his colony. It became the first urban center in
the Austin colony, which stretched northward from the Gulf of Mexico as
far as the Old San Antonio Road and extended from the Lavaca River in
the west to the San Jacinto River in the east. By October 1823, after
briefly considering a location on the lower Colorado River, Austin
decided to establish his capital on the Brazos River. The site chosen
was on a high, easily defensible bluff overlooking broad, fertile
bottomlands. The location offered a number of advantages, including a
central location and sources of fresh water independent of the Brazos.
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